Fiberglass checkered cloth is a non-twisted roving plain weave fabric, which is an important substrate for hand-laid fiberglass. The strength of gingham cloth is mainly in the warp and weft direction of the fabric. For occasions that require high warp or weft strength, it can also be woven into unidirectional cloth. It can arrange more untwisted rovings in the warp or weft direction. Warp cloth, single weft cloth. Roving roving is made up of parallel strands or parallel monofilaments. According to the glass composition, the twistless roving can be divided into: E-GLASS alkali-free glass non-twisted roving and C-GLASS medium alkali glass non-twisted roving.

Glass fiber roving fabric

The diameter of the glass fiber used in the production of glass roving ranges from 12 to 23 μm. The number of untwisted rovings ranges from No. 150 to No. 9600 (tex). Untwisted roving can be directly used in some composite material forming methods, such as winding and pultrusion. Because of its uniform tension, it can also be woven into untwisted roving fabric. In some applications, the untwisted roving will be further chopped. .

The quality requirements of the square cloth are as follows:

① The fabric is uniform, the edge of the cloth is straight, and the cloth surface is flat and mat-like, without stains, fluffing, creases, wrinkles, etc.;

② The warp and weft density, area weight, fabric width and roll length all meet the standards;

③ Wound on a firm paper core, neatly wound;

④ Rapid and good resin permeability;

⑤ The dry and wet mechanical strength of the laminated material made of fabric should meet the requirements.

The composite material formed by laying gingham cloth is characterized by low interlayer shear strength, poor compression resistance and fatigue strength.

Glass fiber felt cloth

(1) Chopped strand mat cut the glass strands (sometimes also use untwisted roving) into 50mm length, spread them randomly but evenly on the mesh belt, and then apply emulsion adhesive or sprinkle powder binding agent on it. After heating and curing, it is bonded into chopped strand mat. Chopped strand mats are mainly used in hand lay-up, continuous board making and compression molding and SMC processes. The quality requirements for chopped strand mats are as follows: ①The area quality is uniform along the width direction; ②The chopped strands are evenly distributed in the mat surface without large holes, and the binder is evenly distributed; ③Has moderate dry mat strength; ④Excellent The resin infiltration and permeability.

(2) Continuous strand mat The glass strands formed during the drawing process or the continuous strands unwound from the strand tube are laid on a continuous moving mesh belt in a figure of 8 and are bonded by a powder adhesive. The fiber in the continuous glass fiber mat is continuous, so its reinforcing effect on the composite material is better than that of the chopped strand mat. Mainly used in pultrusion, RTM, pressure bag and glass mat reinforced thermoplastic (GMT) processes.

(3) Surface mat FRP products usually need to form a resin-rich layer, which is generally achieved by using medium-alkali glass surface mat. Because this kind of felt is made of medium-alkali glass (C), it gives FRP chemical resistance, especially acid resistance. At the same time, because the felt is thin and the glass fiber diameter is small, it can also absorb more resin to form a resin-rich layer, covering The texture of the glass fiber reinforced material (such as checkered cloth) is used for surface modification.

(4) Needle felt Needle felt is divided into chopped fiber needle felt and continuous strand needle felt. Chopped fiber needled felt is to chop the glass fiber roving into 50mm, randomly lay it on the substrate placed on the conveyor belt in advance, and then use a barbed needle for needle punching, and the needle will pierce the chopped fiber into the substrate And the crochet hook brings up some fibers to form a three-dimensional structure. The substrate used can be a thin fabric of glass fiber or other fibers, and this needled felt has a fluffy feel. Its main uses include heat insulation and sound insulation materials, heat lining materials, filter materials, and can also be used in the production of FRP, but the strength of the FRP is low and the scope of use is limited. Another type of continuous strand needle felt is a felt in which continuous glass strands are randomly thrown onto a continuous mesh belt with a wire throwing device, and then needled through a needle plate to form a three-dimensional structure in which fibers are intertwined. This kind of felt is mainly used in the production of glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic stampable sheets.

(5) Stitched mat chopped glass fibers from 50mm to 60cm in length can be stitched into chopped fibers or long fiber mats with a stitchbonding machine. The former can replace traditional adhesive-bonded chopped mats in several applications. The latter replaces the continuous strand mat to a certain extent. Their common advantage is that they do not contain adhesives, avoiding the pollution of the production process, and at the same time have good permeability and low price.

Glass fiber cloth

The following introduces various glass fiber cloths and glass fiber fabrics woven with glass fiber yarn.

(1) Glass cloth The glass cloth produced in my country is divided into two types: alkali-free and medium-alkali, and most of foreign countries are E-GLASS alkali-free glass cloth. Glass cloth is mainly used in the production of various electrical insulating laminates, printed circuit boards, various vehicle bodies, storage tanks, boats, molds, etc. Medium-alkali glass cloth is mainly used for the production of plastic-coated packaging cloth, as well as for corrosion-resistant occasions. The characteristics of the fabric are determined by fiber properties, warp and weft density, yarn structure and weave. The warp and weft density is determined by the yarn structure and texture. The density of warp and weft plus the yarn structure determines the physical properties of the fabric, such as weight, thickness and breaking strength. There are five basic weaves: plain plan (similar to checkered cloth), twill (usually +-45 degrees), satin statin (similar to unidirectional cloth), rib leno (the main weave of glass fiber mesh) and Mats (similar to Oxford cloth).

(2) Fiberglass belts are divided into woven-edged tapes (plain-edged tapes) and non-woven-edged tapes (frayed tapes). The main weaving method is plain weave. Alkali-free glass fiber tape is often used to manufacture high-strength, good dielectric properties of electrical equipment parts.

(3) Glass fiber unidirectional fabric, unidirectional fabric. The unidirectional fabric is a four-warp broken satin or long-axis satin fabric woven from thick warp yarns and fine weft yarns. Has high strength. There are also glass fiber single weft fabrics. There are two weaving methods of warp knitting and weaving. It is characterized by thick weft yarns, fine warp yarns, and glass fiber yarns that are fed in the weft direction and have high strength in the 90-degree weft direction.

(4) Glass fiber three-dimensional fabrics Three-dimensional fabrics are relatively flat fabrics, and their structural characteristics have developed from one-dimensional and two-dimensional to three-dimensional, so that the composite material with this reinforcement has good integrity and profiling, which greatly improves The interlayer shear strength and damage tolerance of composite materials are improved. It was developed with the special needs of the aerospace, aviation, weapons, shipbuilding and other sectors, and its applications have now been extended to the automotive, sports equipment, medical equipment and other sectors. There are five main categories: woven three-dimensional fabrics, knitted three-dimensional fabrics, orthogonal and non-orthogonal non-woven three-dimensional fabrics, three-dimensional woven fabrics and other forms of three-dimensional fabrics. The shapes of three-dimensional fabrics include block, column, tube, hollow truncated cone and variable thickness special-shaped cross section.

(5) Glass fiber special-shaped fabric The shape of the special-shaped fabric is very similar to the shape of the product to be reinforced, and it must be woven on a special loom. Special-shaped fabrics with symmetrical shapes include: round caps, cones, caps, dumbbell-shaped fabrics, etc., and can also be made into asymmetrical shapes such as boxes and ship hulls.

(6) Glass fiber slot core fabric The slot core fabric is a fabric composed of two parallel layers of fabric connected by vertical vertical strips. Its cross-sectional shape can be triangle, rectangle, honeycomb structure.

(7) Glass fiber stitch-woven fabric is also called knitted felt or woven felt, which is different from ordinary fabrics and felt in the usual sense. The most typical stitch knitted fabric is a layer of warp yarn and a layer of weft yarn overlapped together, the warp yarn and weft yarn are knitted together to form a fabric through stitching. The advantages of stitched fabrics are as follows:

① It can increase the ultimate tensile strength of FRP laminated products, the delamination strength under tension and the bending strength;

② Reduce the weight of FRP products;

③ The surface is smooth to make the surface of FRP smooth;

④ Simplify hand lay-up operations and improve labor productivity. This kind of reinforced material can replace continuous raw silk felt in pultrusion glass fiber reinforced plastic and RTM, and can also replace checkered cloth in the production of centrifugal glass fiber reinforced plastic.

Combined glass fiber cloth

Reinforcement materials that combine glass fiber cloth, chopped strand mat, continuous strand mat, untwisted roving fabric and untwisted roving in a certain order, generally include the following types:

(1) Chopped strand mat + non-twisted roving fabric

(2) Chopped strand mat + untwisted roving cloth + chopped strand mat

(3) Chopped strand mat + continuous strand mat + chopped strand mat

(4) Chopped original mat + random untwisted roving

(5) Chopped strand mat or cloth + unidirectional untwisted roving

(6) Chopped strands + surface felt

(7) Glass fiber cloth + one-way non-twisted roving or glass rod + glass fiber cloth